CONCEPT — Managing people with a human approach; binds people + org so both goals met. Definitions → Megginson (skills/talents) · Armstrong (strategic approach) · Flippo (P-D-C-I-M-S) · IIPM (people at work).
CHARACTERISTICS (6) → “U-P-S-C-L-P”: Universal · People-oriented · Staff function · Comprehensive · Line responsibility · Pervasive.
SCOPE — IIPM 3 aspects: Personnel · Welfare · Industrial Relations. Added: HR Planning, Employee Assistance, HRIS, OD (synergy), Staffing, Training & Dev.
OBJECTIVES (10): Procurement · Utilisation · Working relations · Morale · Cost containment · Integration of goals · Individual development · Satisfy needs+group goals · Employer–employee relations · Discipline.
IMPORTANCE — 4 levels: Enterprise · Professional · Social · National.
Functions
Managerial → P-O-D-C: Planning · Organizing · Directing (the “heart”) · Controlling.
Operative (5): Procurement (JobAnalysis→HRP→Recruit→Select→Place→Induct) · Development (Appraisal/Training/ExecDev/Career) · Compensation (JobEval/Wage/Bonus-Act1965) · Integration (motivation/grievance/bargaining/QWL) · Maintenance (health/fringe benefits/PF-pension-gratuity).
TRAP: Recruitment = attract (positive) ≠ Selection = screen & choose (negative). Job Analysis → Job Description + Job Specification.
ROLE (8): Specialist · Humanitarian · Counsellor · Mediator · Spokesman · Problem Solver · Change Agent · Manpower Mgmt.
Evolution (7 Eras) — seeds: Industrial Revolution 1850s
| # | Era | Anchor |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trade Union | Whitley 1911; Trade Union Act 1926 |
| 2 | Social Responsibility | Robert Owen — paternalism |
| 3 | Scientific Mgmt | F.W. Taylor — 4 principles |
| 4 | Human Relations | Elton Mayo — Hawthorne 1924–32 |
| 5 | Behavioural Science | behaviour → efficiency |
| 6 | Contingency | Mary Parker Follett — Law of the Situation |
| 7 | Systems | Technical + Social + Power sub-systems; MIS core |
HAWTHORNE (5): (1) physical env ≠ efficiency (2) attitudes matter more (3) social/psych needs ↑ morale (4) informal groups rule (5) money alone ≠ motivation.
DATES TO LOCK: Royal Commission 1911 · Trade Union Act 1926 · Payment of Bonus Act 1965 · Hawthorne 1924–32 · Industrial Revolution 1850s.
PEOPLE → IDEA: Owen=paternalism · Taylor=scientific(4) · Mayo=Hawthorne · Follett=Law of Situation · Flippo=6 functions.